Internal-combustion engine.



Fatme Yeh 3.2, 39W.

7. SHEETS-SHEET L.

/A/vi/v AT m @mi YE KT.A CRAWFOR.

-L INTERNAL COMBUSTiOM ENGHQE. APPLlcMicm. man oc. im 191e .rn `ras naarnaaien.

JOHN F.- CRAWFORD, F RACINE, WISCONSIN.

. -mTEnnAL-ooiunnsrron ENGINE.l

To allvwk'om z't may concern.' Be it known that L JOHN F. CRAWFORD, a

citizen of 4the United, States, and resident of Racine, in the countyofRacine and State of Wisconsin, have invented .new and use- V'fulImprovements in ,Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following isa description, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, whichare a part of this specification. l

The invention relates to'internal combustion engines.

he invention is designed more particularly to provide an internalcombustion ei1- 'gine of the sleeve valve'type.

As inmotorsof the'sleeve valve type, the

present motor is designed tooloviate the complicatcd puppet valvemechanism cornmonV in most types of engines and is also designed to4overcome the disadvantage of the reciprocating sleeve valve motors byproviding a rotary sleeve which forms the inner Working cylinder ofmotor and which is continuously turned to provide evenwear on thecylinder Walls, pistons and piston rings.

The invention is further designed to pro` vide a motor having arevoluble inner cylinder, also forming the valve, said cylinder having avtapered valve' seat wherebythe working pressures of the engine willforce the valve to its seat thereby sealing the sion hereof.

- through the motor;

-chamberwithout the aid --of packing rings Fig. 2 is a-top view of themotor,parts being broken away' and parts being shown in sections Fig. 3is. a detail sectional view taken onl Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a section takenon the line 1f-4: of Fig. 1;

Fig.- 5 is a section taken on the line 5- 5 of Fig. 1;

' Specication of Letters Patent. Application led ctober 16,

Patented Feb. i12, 191%. 191s. seriaiivo. 125,789. I

i Fig. 6 is a` section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1.

The drawings show 'a single cylinder 'motor4 but it will be understoodthat the motor may have as many cylinders as desired. 6 0 l The niotoris also shown as of thefourcycle type but the sleeve Valveshown anddescribed may be used in two-cycle engines if desired;

cylinder 7, a rotary inner cylinder 8 also forming a v alve, a piston 9of usual construction wqrking Within the cylinder 8, a

I n general the motor comprises an outer 65 crank case l0 upon which thecylinders are v mounted, a crankshaft 11 journaled l in be'arv70 ings i2and 13 in the crank case, a pitina-n 9 of usual construction pivotally4connected at its ends to'the'c'rank shaft ll'and piston 9 respectively,exhaust. ports '14 and inlet ,poits 15 in the outer cylinder, and meeli-75 anism for operating the valve cylinder 8.

The vouter cylinder 7 is provided with a water jacket 16 surrounding theinner walls -17 of said cylinder at the sides and topand alsosurrounding the valve both the valve and the. working cylinder. i Acentrally disposed threaded opening 1S is located in the-top-of thecylinder to receive a spark plug. to form cylindrical inner walls 17forming the cylinderbarrel and afrusto-conical inner `wal1 18 Aat theupper portion of the barrel forming a valve seat.

ports thereby 'providing an efiicient cooling system for The cylinderis'bored 85 The vinner cylinder 8 consists of a sleeve 9C having ahollow cylindrical barrel portion v19 fitting within the cylindricalbore 17 of the cylinder 7 and a hollow frustmconical portion 20 fittingwithin the Walls 1 8 of the cylinder 7 and adapted to seat against said95 Walls. -This'cylinder 8 and the top of the cylinder 7 form a taperedcombustion chamber21. The cylinder 8 is provided with a pair ofoppositely disposed ports 22 adapted to be respectively brought intoline withthe 1.00

inlet and exhaust ports of the outer cylinder.

Whileduring the operation ofthe engine the working pressures therein aresufficient to hold the inner cylinder to its seat means are provided fornormally maintaining the tapered head .of the inner cylinder against'the tapered vvalve seatof the outer cylinder. This meansconsistsofannular bearing rings 2Z`which4 engage an annular iianged portion 9.4on the outer side of the cylinder 8 and limiti"v which are yieldinglymounted on springs 2.5 interposed between thein and an inwardlyofagearing connection between `the inner f the combustion mechanism isdesigned to runthe sleeveat one-quarter engine speed and vthis willoflubrication of the course help in the proper running parts though thevvalve may be drivenat any speed desired.V

Thesleeve operating mechanism :consists cylinder 8 and the crank shaft11." his consists of a revoluble vertical shaft 27 journaled in thecrank caseand gearing connections between said shaft and the crank shaftand between said shaft andthe inner "cylinder. The gearing connectionbetween. the

shaft'127'and thecrank shaft 11 comprisesu a worm wheel 28, mounted onthe shaft 27 within the crank case, meshing-with a worm 29 mounted onthe crank shaft 11. lProvision is madet'or taking up the end thrust on-the'shaiEt 27 by roviding Ja roller bear# ing 30 `disposed between theWheel 28 and a flange portion 31 ofthe crank ca se through whichthe'shatt extends. The gearing connection between the shaft 27 andthecyli'n' 32 mounted on the f gear '33 'mounted on la short vertical-shaft34-jour iialed in the crank 'casing and meshing with deit comprises agear shaft 27, meshing with an Vidler a gear 35 formed 'integral withthe cylin- 4der 8' 0n the outside thereof near its lower end.

' 1With the gearing construction above de -scribed the crank shaft 11through the gearing and shaft 27 previously described con# tinuouslyrotates the-cylinder 8 in thesame `direction,the.speed of rotationlbeingdependent upon the ratio of the gears em. plof/ed.

' The engine `shown,being of the four-cycle `typejoperates as l suctionstroke ofthe piston 9. the. cylinder 8 follows: On thedownward isin-positi'on with its ports 22 in line' with inlet ports 15 in the outercylinder 7 and l the chargeof combustible'fuel is taken intothe tapered'combustion chamber 21 and on the. compression stroke, the ,cylinder'Sis 'turned through the gearing connection with 'the crankshaft to closethe portsand allow the piston 9; to compress the charge within chamber21 after'which the chargeislired, the cylinder 8 rotating dur- ,ing thefiring stroke on the downward movetherefrom and suitable mechanism is`4following ment of the piston and on theA upward exif, v

haust stroke of the pistonthe cylinder S has been rotated to bring itsports 22 in line with 1.

the exhaust ports 14 in the outercylinder as Shown in Fig. 1. l

lVith the construction'of'iilincr and outer cylindersabove described itwill b e observed V that'the tapered formof conibustion chamber willserve to maintain the lsleeve 8 upon its s eat the outer cylinder duringtheoperation of the engine owing to working `pressures in the combustionchamber exerting pressure against the tapered walls of the l innercylinder and as the inner'cylinder 8 is constantly revolving the wear'between the .outer and innercylinders and that between the innercylinder and the piston and piston rings will be evenly distributed.

' It will alsobe notedithat the':mechanism for operating the sleevevalve is ncl'osed withinthe crank case and is of'sir'nple 4constructionanol positive ,in operation due .to the gear drive.

It will further be noted l that theconstruction of the engine is such'as' toproduce quiet-j ness 'of operation, efficient coolingand ease*vthe lubricant may be readily introduced between the outer and innercylinders of the motor.

in lubrication as that .the details of construction herein it willalsobe noted thatshown and described are capable of considerablevariation' without 'departing from the spirit of the invention and Ithere. orewish it to be understood that any con-` sie struction comingwithin the scope 'of the' invention.

lVliat `I claim as my invention is;

combination ofanouter cylinderhaving a claims is WithinY the scope ofAmy w 1. In an internal combustion engine, the

boretherei'n' consisting of a' straight cylindricalV portion -and aninwardly. tapered rusto'conoida'l 'portion at-its' upper end, a- `hollowinner cylinder shaped to con-form to `the bore ofthe outercylinder'andhaving its upper open conoidal portion seated against thesides of saidtrusto-conoidal portion of the outer cylinder to form acombustion chamber, said outer cylinder.beingprovided.

with inlet and exhaust ports, said inner'cylinder having orts thereincommunicating with aid com ustion chamber and adapted to b'e broughtinto communication with'said ports in the outer cylinder, a piston slideably mounted within the inner cylinder, a

crankshaft operatively connected to,A said piston, and means forrevolving said inner cylinder'to control the passage of Working fuel toand .from the combustion chamber.

2. In an internal. combustion engine, the

bore .therein consisting of a straight cylin- Adrical-portion and aninwardly tapered .combinationof an outer cylinder having a. f

frusto-,conoidal portion,v al hollow inner cyl- Laeea y Wardly extendingange,

mounted Within said crank case and operatively connected to said piston,a flange on the inner cylinder, spring means interposed between the angeon the crank case and the ange on the cylinder to normally move saidinner cylinder upwardly against its seat, and means for revolving saidinner cylinder to control the passage of Working fuel to and from thecombustion chamber.

In testimony whereof, ailix my signature.

JUHN F. CRAWFORD.

